A laparoscopic appendectomy, also known simply as a "lap appendicectomy," is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove the appendix. The appendix is a small, finger-shaped organ located in the lower right side of the abdomen. When it becomes inflamed or infected, a condition called appendicitis, it can be a medical emergency and requires surgical removal to prevent complications like a ruptured appendix.

Procedure

• Preparation: Before the surgery, the patient is typically given a general anesthesia to ensure they are unconscious and feel no pain during the procedure. The patient's vital signs are monitored throughout the surgery.
• Incisions: The surgeon makes small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually three or four, each about half an inch to an inch in length. These serve as entry points for the laparoscopic instruments and camera.
• Gas Insufflation: Carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the abdominal cavity through one of the incisions. This inflates the abdomen, creating a space for the surgeon to work and allowing for better visualization of the appendix.
• Inserting Laparoscope: A laparoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end, is inserted through one of the incisions. The camera transmits images of the abdominal area to a monitor in the operating room, allowing the surgeon to see inside the patient's body.
• Appendix Identification: The surgeon uses the laparoscopic instruments to carefully locate and identify the appendix, as well as to confirm the diagnosis of appendicitis.
• Appendix Removal: Once the appendix is identified and confirmed to be inflamed or infected, it is carefully detached from the surrounding tissues and blood vessels. The surgeon may use staples, clips, or sutures to seal off the base of the appendix.
• Appendix Retrieval: The removed appendix is placed in a specimen bag and extracted through one of the incisions.
• Closure: The small incisions in the abdominal wall are typically closed with sutures, staples, or surgical glue. Sometimes, absorbable stitches are used, eliminating the need for removal.
• Recovery: After the procedure, the patient is taken to a recovery room to wake up from anesthesia. Most patients can go home the same day or within 24 hours after surgery, depending on their condition and the surgeon's recommendation

Laparoscopic appendectomy is favored over traditional open surgery because it involves smaller incisions, less pain, a shorter hospital stay, and a quicker recovery. However, not all cases of appendicitis can be treated with laparoscopy, and in some situations, open surgery may be necessary.

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and potential complications associated with laparoscopic appendectomy. Patients should discuss these risks and benefits with their surgeon and receive proper post-operative care instructions for a smooth recovery.